20";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:' 20';display:block;overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;width:0;height:0}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}a,article,body,div,em,h1,h3,header,html,img,label,li,nav,p,section,span,strong,time,ul{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline}article,header,nav,section{display:block}body{line-height:1em}ul{list-style:none}*{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.responsive body,html.responsive{overflow-x:hidden}body{font:13px/1.65em HelveticaNeue,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#444;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}h1,h3{font-weight:600}h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:14px}h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:8px}p{margin:.85em 0}p img{margin:0}em{font-style:italic}strong{font-weight:700}a{text-decoration:none;outline:0;max-width:100%}a:visited{outline:0;text-decoration:underline}p a,p a:visited{line-height:inherit}#top .avia_hidden_link_text{display:none}ul{margin-bottom:20px}ul{list-style:none outside;margin-left:7px}.entry-content-wrapper ul{list-style:disc outside}ul ul{margin:4px 0 5px 30px}ul ul li{margin-bottom:6px}.entry-content-wrapper li{margin-left:1em;padding:3px 0}.entry-content-wrapper div li{text-indent:0}a img,img{border:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;height:auto}[data-av_icon]:before{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-weight:400;content:attr(data-av_icon);speak:never}#top label{font-weight:700;font-size:.92em}#top input[type=checkbox]{display:inline}#top label span{font-weight:400;font-size:13px;color:#444}.hidden{position:absolute;top:0;visibility:hidden}body .alignright{float:right;margin:4px 0 0 10px;display:block;position:relative}#header{position:relative;z-index:501;width:100%;background:0 0}#header_main .container,.main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:88px;line-height:88px}.html_header_top #top .av_header_stretch .container{width:96%;padding:0;max-width:100%}#header_main{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;z-index:1}.header_bg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.95;z-index:0;-webkit-perspective:1000px;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.html_header_sticky_disabled .header_bg{opacity:1}.av-hamburger{padding:0;display:inline-block;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-transform:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;margin:0;overflow:visible}.av-hamburger-box{width:35px;height:24px;display:inline-block;position:relative}.av-hamburger-inner{display:block;top:50%;margin-top:-2px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:after,.av-hamburger-inner:before{width:40px;height:3px;background-color:#000;border-radius:3px;position:absolute}.av-hamburger-inner:after,.av-hamburger-inner:before{content:"";display:block}.av-hamburger-inner:before{top:-10px}.av-hamburger-inner:after{bottom:-10px}.av-burger-menu-main{display:none}.av-burger-menu-main a{padding-left:10px}.av-hamburger strong{display:none}.av-hamburger-box{height:8px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:after,.av-hamburger-inner:before{width:100%}div .logo{float:left;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:1}.logo,.logo a{overflow:hidden;position:relative;display:block;height:100%}.logo img{padding:0;display:block;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:100%;image-rendering:auto;position:relative;z-index:2}.main_menu{clear:none;position:absolute;z-index:100;line-height:30px;height:100%;margin:0;right:0}.av-main-nav-wrap{float:left;position:relative;z-index:3}.av-main-nav-wrap ul{margin:0;padding:0}.av-main-nav{z-index:110;position:relative}.av-main-nav ul{display:none;margin-left:0;left:0;position:absolute;top:100%;width:208px;z-index:2;padding:0;box-shadow:0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.1);margin-top:-1px}.av-main-nav ul li{margin:0;padding:0;width:100%}.av-main-nav ul li a{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px}.av-main-nav ul li:last-child>a{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px}.av-main-nav li{float:left;position:relative;z-index:20}.av-main-nav>li>ul{border-top-width:2px;border-top-style:solid}.av-main-nav>li{line-height:30px}.av-main-nav li a{max-width:none}.av-main-nav>li>a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:0 13px;font-weight:400;font-weight:600;font-size:13px}#top .av-main-nav ul a{width:100%;height:auto;float:left;text-align:left;line-height:23px;padding:8px 15px;font-size:12px;min-height:23px;max-width:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:inherit}.avia-menu-fx{position:absolute;bottom:-1px;height:2px;z-index:10;width:100%;left:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;overflow:hidden;display:none;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap .avia-arrow{top:10px}.html_main_nav_header.html_logo_left #top .main_menu .menu>li:last-child>a{padding-right:0}.main_menu .avia-bullet{display:none}.avia-bullet{display:block;position:absolute;height:0;width:0;top:51%;margin-top:-3px;left:-3px;border-top:3px solid transparent!important;border-bottom:3px solid transparent!important;border-left:3px solid green}#top #menu-item-search{z-index:100}#top .menu-item-search-dropdown>a,.iconfont{font-size:17px}#top #menu-item-search.menu-item-search-dropdown>a{border-left:none}.avia-arrow{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-6px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.content{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;min-height:1px;z-index:1}.content{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;margin-right:-1px}.content .entry-content-wrapper{padding-right:50px}.fullsize .content{margin:0;border:none}.fullsize .content .entry-content-wrapper{padding-right:0}.container .minor-meta{font-size:.9em}.post{clear:both;width:100%;float:left;position:relative}.entry-content-wrapper .post-title{font-size:21px;line-height:1.3em}#top .avia-post-nav{position:fixed;height:110px;top:50%;background:#aaa;background:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff;margin-top:-55px;padding:15px;text-decoration:none;z-index:501;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.avia-post-nav .label{position:absolute;top:50%;height:22px;line-height:22px;margin-top:-11px;font-size:24px}.avia-post-prev{left:0;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.avia-post-prev .label{left:10px}.avia-post-next{right:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px}.avia-post-next .label{right:10px}.avia-post-nav .entry-info{display:block;height:80px;width:220px;display:table}.avia-post-next .entry-info{margin:0 20px 0 1px}.avia-post-prev .entry-info{margin:0 1px 0 20px}.avia-post-nav .entry-info span{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;line-height:1.65em}.avia-post-nav .entry-info-wrap{width:1px;overflow:hidden;display:block}#scroll-top-link{position:fixed;border-radius:2px;height:50px;width:50px;line-height:50px;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;opacity:0;right:50px;bottom:50px;z-index:1030;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:989px){.responsive #top .avia-post-prev{left:0}.responsive #top .avia-post-next{right:0}.responsive .avia-cookie-consent .container{padding:0}.responsive .avia-cookie-consent p{display:block;margin-right:0}.responsive .avia-cookie-consent-button{margin:.5em}.responsive .avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:35%}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:989px){.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{padding:0 10px}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1}.responsive #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive .logo{float:left}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet .av-burger-menu-main{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av_mobile_menu_tablet .main_menu{top:0;left:auto;right:0;display:block}.responsive #top .av_mobile_menu_tablet .av-main-nav .menu-item{display:none}.responsive #top .av_mobile_menu_tablet .av-main-nav .menu-item-avia-special{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av_mobile_menu_tablet .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #wrap_all #header{position:relative;width:100%;float:none;height:auto;margin:0!important;opacity:1;min-height:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #wrap_all .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet.html_header_top #top #main{padding-top:0!important;margin:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a,.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{height:90px;line-height:90px}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a{min-width:0;padding:0 0 0 20px;margin:0;border-style:none;border-width:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{background:0 0;color:inherit}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive .post_author_timeline,.responsive .template-blog .blog-meta{display:none}.responsive .content .entry-content-wrapper{padding:0}.responsive .content{border:none}.responsive #top .fullsize .template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper>*{max-width:100%}.responsive #top .avia-post-nav{display:none}.responsive #top #wrap_all #header{position:relative;width:100%;float:none;height:auto;margin:0!important;opacity:1;min-height:0}.responsive #top #main{padding-top:0!important;margin:0}.responsive #top #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive #top .logo{position:static;display:table;height:80px!important;float:none;padding:0;border:none;width:80%}.responsive .logo a{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.responsive .logo img{height:auto!important;width:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;max-height:80px}.responsive #header_main .container{height:auto!important}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}.responsive .av-burger-menu-main{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .main_menu{top:0;height:80px;left:auto;right:0;display:block;position:absolute}.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item{display:none}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item-avia-special{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive #top .av-logo-container .avia-menu{height:100%}.responsive #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a,.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{padding:0}.responsive #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a{min-width:0;padding:0 0 0 20px;margin:0;border-style:none;border-width:0}.responsive #top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{background:0 0;color:inherit}.responsive #scroll-top-link{display:none}.responsive .avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:55%}}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.responsive .avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:85%!important;left:7.5%!important;right:7.5%!important}}.template-blog .blog-meta{float:left;margin-right:50px}.single-post .post_author_timeline{display:none}#top .fullsize .template-blog .post-title{text-align:center;font-size:30px;padding:15px 0;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto}#top .fullsize .template-blog .post-meta-infos{text-align:center}#top .fullsize .template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper{text-align:justify;font-size:1.15em;line-height:1.7em;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;overflow:visible}#top .fullsize .template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper>*{max-width:40em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}#top .fullsize .template-blog .post_author_timeline{display:none}#top .fullsize .template-blog .blog-meta{float:none;margin:0 auto;display:block;position:relative;width:81px;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;z-index:1000}.post-meta-infos{font-size:.9em;position:relative;top:-8px;display:block}.post-meta-infos a{text-decoration:none}.text-sep{padding:0 5px}.avia-button{color:#777;border-color:#e1e1e1;background-color:#f8f8f8}body div .avia-button{border-radius:3px;padding:10px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px;margin:3px 0;line-height:1.2em;position:relative;font-weight:400;text-align:center;max-width:100%}.template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.av-special-heading{width:100%;clear:both;display:block;margin-top:50px;position:relative}body .av-special-heading .av-special-heading-tag{padding:0;margin:0;float:left}.special-heading-border{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.av-special-heading-h3 .special-heading-border{height:1.9em}.special-heading-inner-border{display:block;width:100%;margin-left:15px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;position:relative;top:50%;opacity:.15}.modern-quote .av-special-heading-tag{font-weight:300}body .av-special-heading.blockquote>*{white-space:normal;float:none}body .av-special-heading.blockquote .special-heading-border{display:none}.hr{clear:both;display:block;width:100%;height:25px;line-height:25px;position:relative;margin:30px 0;float:left}.hr-inner{width:100%;position:absolute;height:1px;left:0;top:50%;width:100%;margin-top:-1px;border-top-width:1px;border-top-style:solid}.hr-custom{margin:0;display:block;min-height:21px;height:auto;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:100%;float:left}.hr-custom .hr-inner{display:inline-block;position:relative;vertical-align:middle}.hr-custom.hr-left{text-align:left}#top .tabcontainer{background:0 0}.tabcontainer{margin:30px 0;position:relative;width:100%;clear:both;overflow:hidden;background:0 0}.tab_inner_content{margin:11px 0;left:-200%;position:relative}.active_tab_content .tab_inner_content{left:0;position:relative}.sidebar_tab .tab_content{overflow:hidden;clear:none;left:-1px}.sidebar_tab_left .active_tab.tab{width:100.5%;border-right:none}.noborder_tabs.sidebar_tab_left .tab_content{border:none;box-shadow:-8px 0 20px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.2);left:0;padding:0 0 0 30px}.noborder_tabs.sidebar_tab_left .tab{border-left:none}.noborder_tabs .tab:first-child{border-top:none}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive .tabcontainer{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-top:none;overflow:hidden}.responsive .tabcontainer .tab,.responsive .tabcontainer .tab_content{width:100%;max-width:100%;border-left:none;border-right:0;left:0;top:0;min-height:0!important}.responsive .tabcontainer .tab_content{border-bottom:none;padding:15px 30px;clear:both}}.html_header_sticky_disabled .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}#top .av-toggle-switch{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px;opacity:0;text-align:left}#top .av-toggle-switch input[type=checkbox]{display:none}#top .av-toggle-switch label{-webkit-touch-callout:none}#top .av-toggle-switch label .toggle-track{display:block;height:27px;width:54px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-radius:100px;position:relative;margin-right:15px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15);clear:both;vertical-align:bottom;float:left}#top .av-toggle-switch .toggle-track:before{content:'';display:inline;height:25px;width:25px;background:#fff;border-radius:100px;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.2) 0 1px 1px 1px}#top .av-toggle-switch input[type=checkbox]:checked+.toggle-track:before{right:27px}#top .av-toggle-switch input[type=checkbox]:checked+.toggle-track{background:#5dceba}#top .av-toggle-switch .toggle-label-content{color:inherit;font-weight:700;display:block;overflow:hidden;font-size:inherit}#top .avia-cookie-consent-modal-buttons-wrap{text-align:center}:root{--enfold-socket-color-bg:#000;--enfold-socket-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-socket-color-primary:#719430;--enfold-socket-color-secondary:#8bba34;--enfold-socket-color-color:#000;--enfold-socket-color-meta:#000;--enfold-socket-color-heading:#000;--enfold-socket-color-border:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-bg:#2f502c;--enfold-footer-color-bg2:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-secondary:#f8f8f8;--enfold-footer-color-color:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-meta:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-border:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-bg:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-primary:#2f502c;--enfold-alternate-color-secondary:#1f3329;--enfold-alternate-color-color:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-meta:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-heading:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-border:#f8f8f8;--enfold-main-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-main-color-bg2:#fff;--enfold-main-color-primary:#2f502c;--enfold-main-color-secondary:#2f502c;--enfold-main-color-color:#000;--enfold-main-color-meta:#000;--enfold-main-color-heading:#000;--enfold-main-color-border:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg2:#e6ede3;--enfold-header-color-primary:#2f502c;--enfold-header-color-secondary:#1f3329;--enfold-header-color-color:#000;--enfold-header-color-meta:#000;--enfold-header-color-heading:#000;--enfold-header-color-border:#fff;--enfold-font-family-theme-body:"HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;--enfold-font-size-theme-content:13px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h1:34px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h2:28px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h3:20px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h4:18px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h5:16px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h6:14px;--enfold-font-size-content-font:16px}body{font-size:16px}html,#scroll-top-link{background-color:#000}#scroll-top-link{color:#000;border:1px solid #fff}.footer_color span{border-color:#f8f8f8}.alternate_color span{border-color:#f8f8f8}.main_color,.main_color div,.main_color header,.main_color main,.main_color article,.main_color section,.main_color span,.main_color h1,.main_color h3,.main_color p,.main_color a,.main_color em,.main_color img,.main_color ul,.main_color li,.main_color label,.main_color article,.main_color header,.main_color section,.main_color time{border-color:#fff}.main_color,.main_color .post-format-icon{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.main_color h1,.main_color h3{color:#000}.main_color .minor-meta,.main_color .minor-meta a,.main_color .text-sep{color:#000}.main_color .special-heading-inner-border{border-color:#000}.main_color a{color:#2f502c}.main_color ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000}.main_color ::-moz-placeholder{color:#000;opacity:1}.main_color :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#000}#top .main_color .avia-color-theme-color-highlight{color:#fff;border-color:#2f502c;background-color:#2f502c}div .main_color .tabcontainer .active_tab_content,div .main_color .tabcontainer .active_tab{background-color:#fff;color:#000}#top .main_color .tabcontainer .tab.active_tab{color:#000}.main_color .sidebar_tab,.main_color .tabcontainer .tab{color:#000}div .main_color .tabcontainer.noborder_tabs .active_tab_content,div .main_color .tabcontainer.noborder_tabs .active_tab{color:#000;background-color:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive #top .main_color .tabcontainer .active_tab{background-color:#2f502c;color:#fff}.responsive #top .main_color .tabcontainer{border-color:#fff}.responsive #top .main_color .active_tab_content{background-color:#fff}}#main{border-color:#fff}.html_stretched #wrap_all{background-color:#fff}.header_color,.header_color div,.header_color nav,.header_color span,.header_color a,.header_color img,.header_color strong,.header_color ul,.header_color li,.header_color nav{border-color:#fff}.header_color{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.header_color a,.header_color strong{color:#2f502c}.header_color .avia-menu-fx,.header_color .avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow{background-color:#2f502c;color:#fff;border-color:#0d300a}.header_color .avia-bullet{border-color:#2f502c}.html_header_top .header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>ul{border-top-color:#2f502c}.header_color ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000}.header_color ::-moz-placeholder{color:#000;opacity:1}.header_color :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#000}.header_color .header_bg,.header_color .main_menu ul ul,.header_color .main_menu .menu ul li a{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{color:#000}#main{background-color:#fff}.header_color .av-hamburger-inner,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:before,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:after{background-color:#000}h1,h3{font-family:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}:root{--enfold-font-family-heading:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}body.helvetica_neue{font-family:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}:root{--enfold-font-family-body:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}#scroll-top-link{color:#fff}.container{width:100%}.responsive .container{max-width:1310px}#top .all_colors strong{color:#000}#top #wrap_all .av-main-nav ul>li>a{color:#000;font-size:16px}#top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{color:#000;background-color:#fff;border-color:#000;font-size:18px;font-weight:400}#top #wrap_all #header #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#000}#top #header .av-main-nav>li>a .avia-menu-text{color:#000}#top #wrap_all .all_colors h1{font-size:40px;font-family:'mostra-nuova',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}#top .avia-button{border-radius:0}.avia-cookie-consent{width:100%;position:fixed;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);z-index:999;color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);padding:1.1em;text-align:center;opacity:1;visibility:visible;overflow:hidden}.avia-cookie-consent .container{float:none!important;padding:0!important}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button,.avia-cookie-consent p{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.05em}.avia-cookie-consent p{margin:0}.avia-cookie-consent p{margin-right:.5em}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;border:2px solid transparent;color:#000;padding:1.1em;min-width:80px;border-radius:3px;text-decoration:none;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 0 0 6px}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button.av-extra-cookie-btn{color:#fff;background-color:transparent;border-color:#fff}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button.avia-cookie-hide-notification{background-color:#fff;color:#ff75b5}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:25%}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right p{display:block;margin-right:0}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right .avia-cookie-consent-button{margin:.5em}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{bottom:30px;right:30px}.avia-cookie-consent.cookiebar-hidden{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right.cookiebar-hidden{transform:translateX(110%)}.av-inline-modal{padding:20px;border-radius:4px;min-width:250px;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;position:relative;display:none;opacity:0}.av-inline-modal{max-height:80vh;overflow:auto}.av-inline-modal .avia-cookie-consent-modal-buttons-wrap{padding-bottom:10px}.logo,.logo a{padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px}p{font-size:18px!important}p a{text-decoration:underline}em,ul li,p{font-size:18px!important;color:#000!important}.avia_cookie_text{text-align:left;color:#fff!important;font-size:16px!important}.avia_cookie_text a{color:#fff!important;font-size:16px!important;text-decoration:underline}.avia-cookie-consent-button{color:#000!important;float:left;margin-left:0!important;padding:10px!important}.avia-cookie-consent-button-1{background:#304e40!important;color:#fff!important;border:none!important}.avia-cookie-consent-button-2{background:#000!important;border:none!important;color:#fff!important}@media screen and (max-width:1310px){.avia-menu-text{font-size:16px}#menu-item-search a{font-size:14px!important}}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){.avia-menu-text{font-size:13px!important}#menu-item-search a{font-size:13px!important}}#menu-item-search a{font-size:16px!important}.entry-content-wrapper{text-align:left!important}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive #top .logo{position:static;display:table;height:80px!important;float:none;padding:0;border:none;width:60%}}.hr-inner{border-top-width:3px!important}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){h1{font-size:28px!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){h3{font-size:22px!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){#top .fullsize .template-blog .post .entry-content-wrapper{text-align:inherit}li{color:#000}html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before{font-family:'entypo-fontello'}#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-e9726c5b3ba47c61a37656c1e7d02a7a{margin:10px 0 0;padding-bottom:10px}#top .hr.av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.hr.av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9 .hr-inner{width:100%}}
Starter ny diskusjon om medlemskriteriene - Bibliotekarforbundet
På sitt oktober-møte behandlet forbundsstyret spørsmålet om hvordan vedtektenes § 2.1 skal tolkes, en paragraf som etter fjorårets landsmøte lyder slik:
«For å bli medlem må en ha bachelor eller mastergrad, med minst 60 studiepoeng bibliotekfag i eller utenfor graden, eller en tilsvarende eldre utdanning, eller en tilsvarende utenlandsk utdanning.»
Kravet om bachelor- eller mastergrad er entydig. Kravet om en viss mengde «bibliotekfag» er derimot åpen for tolkning. Riktignok har BFs vedtekter operert med et slikt krav siden 1999. Men ved siste landsmøte ble det redusert fra 120 til 60 studiepoeng. Og dermed kan det være større behov for en tydeligere tolkning.
I styrebehandlingen ble det trukket fram studier ved fem viktige bibliotekarutdanninger for oss:
Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus:Årsstudium i bibliotek- og informasjonsvitenskap (60 stp) Nettstudium i bibliotek- og informasjonsvitenskap (60 stp) Bachelorgrad i bibliotek- og informasjonsvitenskap (180 stp) Mastergrad i bibliotek- og informasjonsvitenskap (120 stp) Mastergrad i «Bibliotek – styring og ledelse» (120 stp) Mastergrad i «Digital Library Learning» (DILL) (120 stp) UIT Norges arktiske universitet:Bachelorgrad i medie- og dokumentasjonsvitenskap (dokvit) (180 stp) Mastergrad i dokumentasjonsvitenskap – studieretning dokumentteori (120 stp) Mastergrad i dokumentasjonsvitenskap – studieretning dokumentforvaltning (120 stp) Universitetet i AgderBachelorgrad i skolebibliotekkunnskap (180 stp) Skolebibliotekkunnskap 1: Bred innføring (30 stp) Skolebibliotekkunnskap 2: Barne- og ungdomslitteratur (30 stp) Skolebibliotekkunnskap 3: Informasjonskompetanse og leseutvikling (15 stp) og Fordypningsoppgave (15stp) Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi / Københavns UniversitetBachelor i informationsvidenskab og kulturformidling (180 stp) Det erhvervsrelaterede projektmodul (en påbygning på bachelorgraden som gir tittelen «Bibliotekar DB») (30 stp) Kandidatgrad i informationsvidenskab og kulturformidling (Cand.scient.bibl.) (120 stp) Mastergrad i Informationsforvaltning og Records Management (60 stp) M.m. Bibliotekshøgskolan i BoråsBachelorgrad som bibliotekarie (180 stp) Mastergrad i biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap – Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster (120 stp) M.m. Denne listen over studier dannet grunnlag for følgende vedtak i forbundsstyret:
«Alle enkeltfag som inngår i studium og grader ved høgskoler og universitet nevnt på listen under, med unntak av Ex.phil og Ex. Fac., regnes som bibliotekfag i henhold til medlemskriteriene i vedtektenes § 2.1. Tilsvarende fag ved andre studiesteder vurderes individuelt.»
Dette er forbundsstyrets avklaring i denne omgang. Men de fattet i samme sak et tilleggsvedtak:
«Bibliotekarkompetansen er svært viktig på en rekke områder i samfunnet i årene framover. Samtidig settes samsvaret mellom bibliotekar-begrepene i utdanning og arbeidsliv under press. I lys av dette signaliserer forbundsstyret at en ny diskusjon om medlemskriteriene med tanke på behandling på landsmøtet i 2017 settes i gang.»
Forbundsstyret tar altså ikke noe standpunkt til eventuell endring av vedtektene, men de signaliserer behovet for en god diskusjon. Her er det nok mange faktorer som har spilt inn når forbundsstyrets melder dette. Kompetansediskusjonen etter Tøyen-utlysninga har åpenbart vært en av dem.
0
0
Erling Bergan
https://www.bibforb.no/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/bf-symbol-forside-1-300x187.png
Erling Bergan 2015-10-29 14:48:05 2015-10-29 14:48:05 Starter ny diskusjon om medlemskriteriene
Link to: Bibliotekarkompetansen settes under press
Link to: Bibliotekarkompetansen settes under press
Bibliotekarkompetansen settes under press Link to: Revolusjonens røst
Link to: Revolusjonens røst
Revolusjonens røst
Scroll to top
Scroll to top
Scroll to top
Denne nettsiden bruker informasjonskapsler (cookies). Ved å fortsette å bruke nettsiden aksepterer du vår bruk av cookies. Se vår Personvernerklæring for mer informasjon.
Aksepter Cookie and Privacy Settings