20";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}a,article,body,div,h3,header,html,img,label,li,nav,p,section,span,strong,ul{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline}article,header,nav,section{display:block}body{line-height:1em}ul{list-style:none}*{-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.responsive body,html.responsive{overflow-x:hidden}body{font:13px/1.65em HelveticaNeue,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#444;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}h3{font-weight:600}h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.1em;margin-bottom:8px}p{margin:.85em 0}strong{font-weight:700}a{text-decoration:none;outline:0;max-width:100%}a:visited{outline:0;text-decoration:underline}p a,p a:visited{line-height:inherit}#top .avia_hidden_link_text{display:none}ul{margin-bottom:20px}ul{list-style:none outside;margin-left:7px}ul ul{margin:4px 0 5px 30px}ul ul li{margin-bottom:6px}a img,img{border:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:inline-block;max-width:100%;height:auto}[data-av_icon]:before{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-weight:400;content:attr(data-av_icon);speak:never}#top label{font-weight:700;font-size:.92em}#top input[type=checkbox]{display:inline}#top label span{font-weight:400;font-size:13px;color:#444}.hidden{position:absolute;top:0;visibility:hidden}#header{position:relative;z-index:501;width:100%;background:0 0}#header_main .container,.main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:88px;line-height:88px}.html_header_top #top .av_header_stretch .container{width:96%;padding:0;max-width:100%}#header_main{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;z-index:1}.header_bg{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.95;z-index:0;-webkit-perspective:1000px;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.html_header_sticky_disabled .header_bg{opacity:1}.av-hamburger{padding:0;display:inline-block;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-transform:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;margin:0;overflow:visible}.av-hamburger-box{width:35px;height:24px;display:inline-block;position:relative}.av-hamburger-inner{display:block;top:50%;margin-top:-2px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:after,.av-hamburger-inner:before{width:40px;height:3px;background-color:#000;border-radius:3px;position:absolute}.av-hamburger-inner:after,.av-hamburger-inner:before{content:"";display:block}.av-hamburger-inner:before{top:-10px}.av-hamburger-inner:after{bottom:-10px}.av-burger-menu-main{display:none}.av-burger-menu-main a{padding-left:10px}.av-hamburger strong{display:none}.av-hamburger-box{height:8px}.av-hamburger-inner,.av-hamburger-inner:after,.av-hamburger-inner:before{width:100%}div .logo{float:left;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:1}.logo,.logo a{overflow:hidden;position:relative;display:block;height:100%}.logo img{padding:0;display:block;width:auto;height:auto;max-height:100%;image-rendering:auto;position:relative;z-index:2}.main_menu{clear:none;position:absolute;z-index:100;line-height:30px;height:100%;margin:0;right:0}.av-main-nav-wrap{float:left;position:relative;z-index:3}.av-main-nav-wrap ul{margin:0;padding:0}.av-main-nav{z-index:110;position:relative}.av-main-nav ul{display:none;margin-left:0;left:0;position:absolute;top:100%;width:208px;z-index:2;padding:0;box-shadow:0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.1);margin-top:-1px}.av-main-nav ul li{margin:0;padding:0;width:100%}.av-main-nav ul li a{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-width:1px}.av-main-nav ul li:last-child>a{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px}.av-main-nav li{float:left;position:relative;z-index:20}.av-main-nav>li>ul{border-top-width:2px;border-top-style:solid}.av-main-nav>li{line-height:30px}.av-main-nav li a{max-width:none}.av-main-nav>li>a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:0 13px;font-weight:400;font-weight:600;font-size:13px}#top .av-main-nav ul a{width:100%;height:auto;float:left;text-align:left;line-height:23px;padding:8px 15px;font-size:12px;min-height:23px;max-width:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:inherit}.avia-menu-fx{position:absolute;bottom:-1px;height:2px;z-index:10;width:100%;left:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;overflow:hidden;display:none;visibility:hidden}.avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow-wrap .avia-arrow{top:10px}.html_main_nav_header.html_logo_left #top .main_menu .menu>li:last-child>a{padding-right:0}.main_menu .avia-bullet{display:none}.avia-bullet{display:block;position:absolute;height:0;width:0;top:51%;margin-top:-3px;left:-3px;border-top:3px solid transparent!important;border-bottom:3px solid transparent!important;border-left:3px solid green}#top #menu-item-search{z-index:100}#top .menu-item-search-dropdown>a,.iconfont{font-size:17px}#top #menu-item-search.menu-item-search-dropdown>a{border-left:none}.avia-arrow{height:10px;width:10px;position:absolute;top:-6px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.content{padding-top:50px;padding-bottom:50px;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;min-height:1px;z-index:1}.content{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:1px;margin-right:-1px}.fullsize .content{margin:0;border:none}.post{clear:both;width:100%;float:left;position:relative}#top .avia-post-nav{position:fixed;height:110px;top:50%;background:#aaa;background:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff;margin-top:-55px;padding:15px;text-decoration:none;z-index:501;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.avia-post-nav .label{position:absolute;top:50%;height:22px;line-height:22px;margin-top:-11px;font-size:24px}.avia-post-nav .entry-image{height:80px;width:80px;display:block}.avia-post-nav .entry-image img{border-radius:100px;display:block}.avia-post-prev{left:0;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.avia-post-prev .label{left:10px}.avia-post-nav .entry-info{display:block;height:80px;width:220px;display:table}.avia-post-prev .entry-info{margin:0 1px 0 20px}.avia-post-nav .entry-info span{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;font-size:13px;line-height:1.65em}.avia-post-nav .entry-info-wrap{width:1px;overflow:hidden;display:block}#scroll-top-link{position:fixed;border-radius:2px;height:50px;width:50px;line-height:50px;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;opacity:0;right:50px;bottom:50px;z-index:1030;visibility:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:989px){.responsive #top .avia-post-prev{left:0}.responsive .avia-cookie-consent .container{padding:0}.responsive .avia-cookie-consent p{display:block;margin-right:0}.responsive .avia-cookie-consent-button{margin:.5em}.responsive .avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:35%}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:989px){.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{padding:0 10px}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1}.responsive #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive .logo{float:left}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet .av-burger-menu-main{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av_mobile_menu_tablet .main_menu{top:0;left:auto;right:0;display:block}.responsive #top .av_mobile_menu_tablet .av-main-nav .menu-item{display:none}.responsive #top .av_mobile_menu_tablet .av-main-nav .menu-item-avia-special{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av_mobile_menu_tablet .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #wrap_all #header{position:relative;width:100%;float:none;height:auto;margin:0!important;opacity:1;min-height:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #wrap_all .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet.html_header_top #top #main{padding-top:0!important;margin:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a,.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{height:90px;line-height:90px}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a{min-width:0;padding:0 0 0 20px;margin:0;border-style:none;border-width:0}.responsive.html_mobile_menu_tablet #top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{background:0 0;color:inherit}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive .post_author_timeline{display:none}.responsive .content{border:none}.responsive .big-preview{padding:0 0 10px}.responsive #top .avia-post-nav{display:none}.responsive #top #wrap_all #header{position:relative;width:100%;float:none;height:auto;margin:0!important;opacity:1;min-height:0}.responsive #top #main{padding-top:0!important;margin:0}.responsive #top #main .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}.responsive #top .logo{position:static;display:table;height:80px!important;float:none;padding:0;border:none;width:80%}.responsive .logo a{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.responsive .logo img{height:auto!important;width:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;max-height:80px}.responsive #header_main .container{height:auto!important}.responsive #top .header_bg{opacity:1}.responsive .logo img{margin:0}.responsive .av-burger-menu-main{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .main_menu{top:0;height:80px;left:auto;right:0;display:block;position:absolute}.responsive .main_menu ul:first-child>li a{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item{display:none}.responsive #top .av-main-nav .menu-item-avia-special{display:block}.responsive #top #wrap_all .menu-item-search-dropdown>a{font-size:24px}.responsive #top .av-logo-container .avia-menu{height:100%}.responsive #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a,.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{height:80px;line-height:80px}.responsive #top #wrap_all .av-logo-container{padding:0}.responsive #top #header_main>.container .main_menu .av-main-nav>li>a{min-width:0;padding:0 0 0 20px;margin:0;border-style:none;border-width:0}.responsive #top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{background:0 0;color:inherit}.responsive #scroll-top-link{display:none}.responsive .avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:55%}}@media only screen and (max-width:479px){.responsive .avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:85%!important;left:7.5%!important;right:7.5%!important}}.single-post .post_author_timeline{display:none}#top .fullsize .template-blog .post_author_timeline{display:none}#top .fullsize .template-blog .big-preview{padding:0 0 10px}#top .fullsize .template-blog .big-preview img{width:100%}.big-preview{display:block;padding:0 50px 10px 131px}.big-preview a{display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.big-preview.single-big{padding:0 50px 10px 0}.fullsize .big-preview.single-big{padding:0 0 10px}.post-loop-1 .big-preview{position:relative;z-index:4}.big-preview img{display:block;border-radius:4px;position:relative;z-index:4;width:100%}.avia-button{color:#777;border-color:#e1e1e1;background-color:#f8f8f8}body div .avia-button{border-radius:3px;padding:10px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px;margin:3px 0;line-height:1.2em;position:relative;font-weight:400;text-align:center;max-width:100%}.av-special-heading{width:100%;clear:both;display:block;margin-top:50px;position:relative}body .av-special-heading .av-special-heading-tag{padding:0;margin:0;float:left}.special-heading-border{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.av-special-heading-h3 .special-heading-border{height:1.9em}.special-heading-inner-border{display:block;width:100%;margin-left:15px;border-top-style:solid;border-top-width:1px;position:relative;top:50%;opacity:.15}.modern-quote .av-special-heading-tag{font-weight:300}body .av-special-heading.blockquote>*{white-space:normal;float:none}body .av-special-heading.blockquote .special-heading-border{display:none}.hr{clear:both;display:block;width:100%;height:25px;line-height:25px;position:relative;margin:30px 0;float:left}.hr-inner{width:100%;position:absolute;height:1px;left:0;top:50%;width:100%;margin-top:-1px;border-top-width:1px;border-top-style:solid}.hr-custom{margin:0;display:block;min-height:21px;height:auto;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;width:100%;float:left}.hr-custom .hr-inner{display:inline-block;position:relative;vertical-align:middle}.hr-custom.hr-left{text-align:left}#top .tabcontainer{background:0 0}.tabcontainer{margin:30px 0;position:relative;width:100%;clear:both;overflow:hidden;background:0 0}.tab_inner_content{margin:11px 0;left:-200%;position:relative}.active_tab_content .tab_inner_content{left:0;position:relative}.sidebar_tab .tab_content{overflow:hidden;clear:none;left:-1px}.sidebar_tab_left .active_tab.tab{width:100.5%;border-right:none}.noborder_tabs.sidebar_tab_left .tab_content{border:none;box-shadow:-8px 0 20px -10px rgba(0,0,0,.2);left:0;padding:0 0 0 30px}.noborder_tabs.sidebar_tab_left .tab{border-left:none}.noborder_tabs .tab:first-child{border-top:none}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive .tabcontainer{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-top:none;overflow:hidden}.responsive .tabcontainer .tab,.responsive .tabcontainer .tab_content{width:100%;max-width:100%;border-left:none;border-right:0;left:0;top:0;min-height:0!important}.responsive .tabcontainer .tab_content{border-bottom:none;padding:15px 30px;clear:both}}p:empty{display:none}.html_header_sticky_disabled .container_wrap:first-child{border-top:none}#top .av-toggle-switch{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px;opacity:0;text-align:left}#top .av-toggle-switch input[type=checkbox]{display:none}#top .av-toggle-switch label{-webkit-touch-callout:none}#top .av-toggle-switch label .toggle-track{display:block;height:27px;width:54px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.08);border-radius:100px;position:relative;margin-right:15px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.15);clear:both;vertical-align:bottom;float:left}#top .av-toggle-switch .toggle-track:before{content:'';display:inline;height:25px;width:25px;background:#fff;border-radius:100px;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.2) 0 1px 1px 1px}#top .av-toggle-switch input[type=checkbox]:checked+.toggle-track:before{right:27px}#top .av-toggle-switch input[type=checkbox]:checked+.toggle-track{background:#5dceba}#top .av-toggle-switch .toggle-label-content{color:inherit;font-weight:700;display:block;overflow:hidden;font-size:inherit}#top .avia-cookie-consent-modal-buttons-wrap{text-align:center}:root{--enfold-socket-color-bg:#000;--enfold-socket-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-socket-color-primary:#719430;--enfold-socket-color-secondary:#8bba34;--enfold-socket-color-color:#000;--enfold-socket-color-meta:#000;--enfold-socket-color-heading:#000;--enfold-socket-color-border:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-bg:#2f502c;--enfold-footer-color-bg2:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-primary:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-secondary:#f8f8f8;--enfold-footer-color-color:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-meta:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-heading:#fff;--enfold-footer-color-border:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-bg:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-bg2:#f8f8f8;--enfold-alternate-color-primary:#2f502c;--enfold-alternate-color-secondary:#1f3329;--enfold-alternate-color-color:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-meta:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-heading:#000;--enfold-alternate-color-border:#f8f8f8;--enfold-main-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-main-color-bg2:#fff;--enfold-main-color-primary:#2f502c;--enfold-main-color-secondary:#2f502c;--enfold-main-color-color:#000;--enfold-main-color-meta:#000;--enfold-main-color-heading:#000;--enfold-main-color-border:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg:#fff;--enfold-header-color-bg2:#e6ede3;--enfold-header-color-primary:#2f502c;--enfold-header-color-secondary:#1f3329;--enfold-header-color-color:#000;--enfold-header-color-meta:#000;--enfold-header-color-heading:#000;--enfold-header-color-border:#fff;--enfold-font-family-theme-body:"HelveticaNeue","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;--enfold-font-size-theme-content:13px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h1:34px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h2:28px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h3:20px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h4:18px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h5:16px;--enfold-font-size-theme-h6:14px;--enfold-font-size-content-font:16px}body{font-size:16px}html,#scroll-top-link{background-color:#000}#scroll-top-link{color:#000;border:1px solid #fff}.footer_color span,.footer_color p{border-color:#f8f8f8}.alternate_color span,.alternate_color p{border-color:#f8f8f8}.main_color,.main_color div,.main_color main,.main_color article,.main_color section,.main_color span,.main_color h3,.main_color p,.main_color a,.main_color img,.main_color label,.main_color article,.main_color section{border-color:#fff}.main_color{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.main_color h3{color:#000}.main_color .special-heading-inner-border{border-color:#000}.main_color a{color:#2f502c}.main_color ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000}.main_color ::-moz-placeholder{color:#000;opacity:1}.main_color :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#000}#top .main_color .avia-color-theme-color-highlight{color:#fff;border-color:#2f502c;background-color:#2f502c}div .main_color .tabcontainer .active_tab_content,div .main_color .tabcontainer .active_tab{background-color:#fff;color:#000}#top .main_color .tabcontainer .tab.active_tab{color:#000}.main_color .sidebar_tab,.main_color .tabcontainer .tab{color:#000}div .main_color .tabcontainer.noborder_tabs .active_tab_content,div .main_color .tabcontainer.noborder_tabs .active_tab{color:#000;background-color:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive #top .main_color .tabcontainer .active_tab{background-color:#2f502c;color:#fff}.responsive #top .main_color .tabcontainer{border-color:#fff}.responsive #top .main_color .active_tab_content{background-color:#fff}}#main{border-color:#fff}.html_stretched #wrap_all{background-color:#fff}.header_color,.header_color div,.header_color nav,.header_color span,.header_color a,.header_color img,.header_color strong,.header_color ul,.header_color li,.header_color nav{border-color:#fff}.header_color{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.header_color a,.header_color strong{color:#2f502c}.header_color .avia-menu-fx,.header_color .avia-menu-fx .avia-arrow{background-color:#2f502c;color:#fff;border-color:#0d300a}.header_color .avia-bullet{border-color:#2f502c}.html_header_top .header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>ul{border-top-color:#2f502c}.header_color ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#000}.header_color ::-moz-placeholder{color:#000;opacity:1}.header_color :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#000}.header_color .header_bg,.header_color .main_menu ul ul,.header_color .main_menu .menu ul li a{background-color:#fff;color:#000}.header_color .main_menu ul:first-child>li>a{color:#000}#main{background-color:#fff}.header_color .av-hamburger-inner,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:before,.header_color .av-hamburger-inner:after{background-color:#000}h3{font-family:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}:root{--enfold-font-family-heading:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}body.helvetica_neue{font-family:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}:root{--enfold-font-family-body:'helvetica neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}#scroll-top-link{color:#fff}.container{width:100%}.responsive .container{max-width:1310px}#top .all_colors strong{color:#000}#top #wrap_all .av-main-nav ul>li>a{color:#000;font-size:16px}#top #header .av-main-nav>li>a{color:#000;background-color:#fff;border-color:#000;font-size:18px;font-weight:400}#top #wrap_all #header #menu-item-search>a{border-color:#000}#top #header .av-main-nav>li>a .avia-menu-text{color:#000}#top .avia-button{border-radius:0}.avia-cookie-consent{width:100%;position:fixed;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);z-index:999;color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);padding:1.1em;text-align:center;opacity:1;visibility:visible;overflow:hidden}.avia-cookie-consent .container{float:none!important;padding:0!important}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button,.avia-cookie-consent p{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.05em}.avia-cookie-consent p{margin:0}.avia-cookie-consent p{margin-right:.5em}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;border:2px solid transparent;color:#000;padding:1.1em;min-width:80px;border-radius:3px;text-decoration:none;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 0 0 6px}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button.av-extra-cookie-btn{color:#fff;background-color:transparent;border-color:#fff}.avia-cookie-consent .avia-cookie-consent-button.avia-cookie-hide-notification{background-color:#fff;color:#ff75b5}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{width:25%}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right p{display:block;margin-right:0}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right .avia-cookie-consent-button{margin:.5em}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right{bottom:30px;right:30px}.avia-cookie-consent.cookiebar-hidden{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}.avia-cookiemessage-bottom-right.cookiebar-hidden{transform:translateX(110%)}.av-inline-modal{padding:20px;border-radius:4px;min-width:250px;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;position:relative;display:none;opacity:0}.av-inline-modal{max-height:80vh;overflow:auto}.av-inline-modal .avia-cookie-consent-modal-buttons-wrap{padding-bottom:10px}.logo,.logo a{padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px}p{font-size:18px!important}p a{text-decoration:underline}ul li,p{font-size:18px!important;color:#000!important}.avia_cookie_text{text-align:left;color:#fff!important;font-size:16px!important}.avia_cookie_text a{color:#fff!important;font-size:16px!important;text-decoration:underline}.avia-cookie-consent-button{color:#000!important;float:left;margin-left:0!important;padding:10px!important}.avia-cookie-consent-button-1{background:#304e40!important;color:#fff!important;border:none!important}.avia-cookie-consent-button-2{background:#000!important;border:none!important;color:#fff!important}@media screen and (max-width:1310px){.avia-menu-text{font-size:16px}#menu-item-search a{font-size:14px!important}}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){.avia-menu-text{font-size:13px!important}#menu-item-search a{font-size:13px!important}}#menu-item-search a{font-size:16px!important}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.responsive #top .logo{position:static;display:table;height:80px!important;float:none;padding:0;border:none;width:60%}}.hr-inner{border-top-width:3px!important}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){h3{font-size:22px!important}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){li{color:#000}html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before{font-family:'entypo-fontello'}#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-e9726c5b3ba47c61a37656c1e7d02a7a{margin:10px 0 0;padding-bottom:10px}#top .hr.av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.hr.av-jhe1dyat-381e073337cc8512c616f9ce78cc22d9 .hr-inner{width:100%}}
Skolebibliotek i ny opplæringslov - Bibliotekarforbundet
BF deltok torsdag på den åpne høringen i Stortingets Utdannings- og forskningskomite om ny opplæringslov. Nestleder Glenn Bjerknes og skolebibliotekar Siv Christine Bjørang Jørstad (bildet) fra Valle Hovin vgs representerte BF, og sa blant annet at skolebiblioteket er et spesialbibliotek som bør ligge på skolen og vektla behovet for utdannet personale.
Hva står det om skolebibliotek i loven? Forslaget til ny opplæringslov bygger på NOU 2019:23 Ny opplæringslov . Det er et omfattende arbeid som er gjort, og selve lovforslaget er på 715 sider. Det ble levert inn over 700 innspill til høring. Skolebibliotek er behandlet i kapittel 38.4 og det er to hovedpunkter som er diskutert. Om en skal beholde begrepet skolebibliotek i loververket og om det skal innføres et kompetansekrav for ansatte i skolebibliotek.
Med opplæringsloven av 1998 forsvant kravet om at skolebibliotek i grunnskolen skulle være lokalisert på skolen. Forslaget fra opplæringslovutvalget om å fjerne betegnelsen skolebibliotek ville høyst sannsynlig ført til dårligere bibliotektilbud på mange skoler. Begrunnelsen fra utvalget om å bruke ordet bibliotek i stedet for skolebibliotek er den store variasjonen en har på skolene, når det gjelder både størrelse, antall trinn og beliggenhet.
Departementets forslag er heldigvis å beholde betegnelsen skolebibliotek, noe BF mener er viktig fordi skolebibliotek er et spesialbibliotek som ikke kan erstattes av noen hyller med bøker eller besøk på det lokale folkebiblioteket.
Departementet skriver: «Ved å beholde betegnelsen skolebibliotek i loven vil departementet sende et signal om at det er mest ønskelig med et bibliotek nær elevene.» Dette er i tråd med Hurdalsplattformen der det står at regjeringen vil «sikre at alle elevar har tilgang til skulebibliotek».
Bibliotekarforbundet mener BF og flere høringsinstanser fremmet ønske om kompetansekrav for ansatte i skolebibliotek. Dette forslaget fikk dessverre ikke støtte, og departementet skriver: «Departementet meiner uansett at det ikkje er nødvendig med ei slik detaljstyring og foreslår derfor ikkje å fastsetje kompetansekrav til skolebibliotekarar.» Dette er BF ikke enig i, og de skolene som er så heldige å ha kompetent personale viser hva som er mulig å få til når skolebiblioteket prioriteres.
I høringen poengterte BF at skolebibliotek er et spesialbibliotek på lik linje med et universitetsbibliotek, og er spesialisert og tilrettelagt for skolens behov. Hver tiende grunnskole mangler et skolebibliotek, og det er store forskjeller fra skole til skole. Vi er bekymret for den pågående trenden der kommunene nedprioriterer skolebibliotekene og stillingene som hører til.
Siv Christine Bjørang Jørstad pekte spesielt på at mangelen på kompetansekrav til ansatte i skolebibliotek, slik vi har i dag, fører til uholdbare forskjeller i skolen. I Nasjonal bibliotekstrategi 2020–2023 kan vi lese at andelen fagutdannede bibliotekarer i videregående skole falt fra rundt 50 prosent i 2013 til i underkant av en femtedel i 2018. «Tidligere Forskrift for grunnskolen av 1989 gir en utfyllende beskrivelse av skolebibliotekarens rolle, funksjon og kompetanse. Jeg anbefaler komiteen å lese denne forskriften», sa Bjørang Jørstad, og la til at dagens ordninger gjør det vanskelig for skolebibliotekarer å få støtte til videreutdanning fra egen arbeidsplass.
Les hele høringsnotatet fra Bibliotekarforbundet.
Tidligere saker om ny opplæringslov
BFs høringssvar om ny opplæringslov (2021)
Kritikk av forslag til ny opplæringslov (2020)
BFs innspill til ny opplæringslov (2019)
https://www.bibforb.no/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/skolebibliotekar-siv-christine-bjorang-jorstad.jpg
675
1203
Petter Bruce
https://www.bibforb.no/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/bf-symbol-forside-1-300x187.png
Petter Bruce 2023-04-20 16:50:18 2023-04-20 16:56:01 Skolebibliotek i ny opplæringslov
Link to: BookTok: Sosial leseglede
Link to: BookTok: Sosial leseglede
BookTok: Sosial leseglede Link to: Lønnsoppgjøret 2023: Forhandlingene i offentlig sektor er i gang
Link to: Lønnsoppgjøret 2023: Forhandlingene i offentlig sektor er i gang
Lønnsoppgjøret 2023: Forhandlingene i offentlig sektor er i gang
Scroll to top
Scroll to top
Scroll to top
Denne nettsiden bruker informasjonskapsler (cookies). Ved å fortsette å bruke nettsiden aksepterer du vår bruk av cookies. Se vår Personvernerklæring for mer informasjon.
Aksepter Cookie and Privacy Settings